Two Main Types

AMD - falls into two categories. Most people start with the "Dry" version, which can sometimes progress into the "Wet" version.

Dry AMD (Atrophic)

• Most common (~80-90% of cases)
• The macula gets thinner with age and tiny clumps of protein (drusen) grow.
• Usually slow progression, over many years
• Focused on nutrition and monitoring.

 Wet AMD (Exudative)

• Less common, but more severe.
• Abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood. 
• Progression Can cause faster, more noticeable vision loss. 
• Treatment is Injections or laser treatments to stop leaks. 
  

Common Symptoms

In the initial stages, you might not notice anything at all. As it progresses, you might see:

• Waviness: Straight lines (like door frames or sentences on a page) looking bent or crooked.
• The "Blurry Spot": A blurry area or a dark "blind spot" appearing in the center of your vision.
• Muted Colors: Colors appear less vibrant or bright than they used to.
• Light Sensitivity: Needing brighter light to read or do close-up work.

Risk Factors & Prevention

While aging is the biggest factor, your lifestyle plays a massive role. You cannot change your DNA, but you can change these:

• Smoking: This is the biggest modifiable risk. It significantly doubles your chances of developing AMD.
• Diet: A "heart-healthy" diet is usually an "eye-healthy" diet. Think leafy greens (kale, spinach) and fish.
• UV Protection: Wearing sunglasses helps protect the retina from cumulative damage.